The viscosity expressed in seconds is the time taken by the 50 ml bitumen material to pass through the orifice of a cup, under standard test conditions and specified temperature. Penetration grade bitumen is a standard bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen essential for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties, and its very important once it bounds the aggregates and creates a unique cohesion and stability to the bituminous mix. This is a basic test for determining the grades of bitumen. Bitumen quality aspects in view of huge expenditure involved in the construction of new roads and maintenance of the existing road network, the quality considerations of bitumen have become a subject ofinterese4.
Generally higher penetration bitumen is preferred for use in cold climate and smaller penetration bitumen is used in hot climate areas. D36d36m test method for softening point of bitumen ringandball apparatus. Adhesion in bitumenaggregatesystems article pdf available in road materials and pavement design 114. Comparison of softening point of tested samplesreference bitumen and. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product. To determine the bitumen resisting for penetration. Pdf testing of bitumenaggregate affinity by various methods. Performance tests on bitumen and bituminous mixes vincenzo buccino pietro ferrari three levels of interpretation may be identified in this article. The penetration of the asphalt is determined in accordance with tex502c, which conforms to astm d 5. Viscosity by saybolt furol viscometer purpose viscosity indicates the resistance to flow due to its internal friction.
Bituminous mix design is a delicate balancing act between the proportions of aggregate sizes and bitumen content. When a lowtemperature ductility test is desired, the test should be run at a temperature of 39. Pdf polymer modified bitumens pmbs have the ability to enhance a number. A fundamental problem with the test method, however, is that the configuration of the test specimen holder. Penetration grade bitumen a global bitumen company. Various laboratory tests on bitumen is conducted to check quality and different properties of bitumen for pavement construction. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. Influence of overheating phenomenon on bitumen and. Release the needle for five seconds and measure the distance penetrated.
In effect, the test is an indirect determination of high temperature viscosity and low temperature. Vg 10, vg 30, bitumen6070, bitumen80100, bitumenmodified synonyms. The astm d1 for 6070 grade the value of ductility 100 min. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. In the standard test condition, a standard needle of a total load of 100 g is applied to the surface of an asphalt sample at a temperature of 25 oc for 5 seconds. The first, which is the most practical, consists in identifying the limits imposed on the requisites of certain tests, performed on bitumen and its mix, as a function of the minimum and maximum.
D36d36m test method for softening point of bitumen ringandball apparatus d244 test methods and practices for emulsified asphalts. The new viscosity grading system conforms to is 732006 paving bitumen specification third revision. For this, a molten sample of bitumen in firstly poured into a standard mold, which is allowed to be cooled at room temperature. Various lab tests on bitumen for pavement construction. Today we own and operate the largest private bitumen terminal in europe cadiz, spain and the largest. Bitumen test data chart, international journal of pavement. The test result is expressed in seconds for the flow of 60 cc. Durability test method for bitumen nz transport agency. Some considerations in bituminous mix design awaiting. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ring. Saybolt furol viscosity test is used to determine viscosity of liquid bitumens. Bitumen paving grades test 3040 bis method specification 6070 80100 specific gravity 2727c 1202 min. Usually penetration is measured at 77 f 25 c which also approximates average service temperature of.
Postpr int this is the accepted version of a paper published in european polymer journal. Inspection, lab testing and calibration services for middle east, far east, subcontinent, america, africa and europe. The testing apparatus depicted in figure 3 is a commercially available device produced by gardco inc. Low or high viscosity during compaction or mixing has been observed to result in lower stability values.
Protect the sample from dust and allow it to cool in atmosphere at a temperature between 15 to 30 0c for 112 to 2hours for 45mm deep container and 1 to 112 hours for 35mm deep container. Both the viscosity test and the penetration test measure the consistency of an asphalt at some specified temperatures and are used to designate grades of asphalts. Pdf viscositytemperature effects of polymer modification as. To perform penetration test on bitumen civil engineering. The f4 piston depicted in the figure has a diameter of 73. Figure 3 general representation of binder bond strength test apparatus. Determining asphalt binder bond strength by means of the.
It composes 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen and 2% oxygen by weight. Viscosity test for cutback bitumen the constructor. Determination of viscosity of bitumen emulsions engler. The following testing equipment is needed to measure absolute viscosity of viscosity graded paving bitumen is.
D3666 specification for minimum requirements for agencies testing and inspecting road and paving materials. Other devices meeting the requirements of this procedure can be used. Pdf changes of properties of bitumen binders by additives. At the application temperature, this characteristic greatly influences the strength of resulting paving mixes. Objective to become familiar with the term viscosity, its influence and effects, its techniques and application in the field of engineering especially for design of the road pavements. The new viscosity grading system conforms to is 732006 paving bitumenspecification third revision. Bitumen testing accredited test labs inspection testing. The ductility test has been performed and the ductility value has been calculated as 116 cm. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. Consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature. The only standardised method bs en 88 for measuring bitumen cohesive energy in relation to chip retention in chipseals is the vialit pendulum test used in the uk and europe. Bitumen content this test is done to determine the bitumen content as per astm 2172. However, some bituminous materials containing finely divided mineral matter may clog the filter or the mineral residue may not be easily retained, in which cases procedure no. In viscosity grade viscosity test are conducted at 60 c and 5 c which represents the temperature of road surface during summer and.
New standards recently published by the sabs will impact on the bituminous product industry. How to test loss on heating of bitumen atdm co ltd. Storage of assessment criteria test results correctly recorded test results correctly analysed test results correctly reported test results correctly handled recommended books. Referenced documents purchase separately the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard astm standards. Bitumen viscosity test asphalt viscosity test procedure. Vg 10, vg 30, bitumen 6070, bitumen 80100, bitumen modified synonyms. When the bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 80100 is heated it loses the volatility and gets hardened. Industrial grade bitumen is also known as blown bitumen. Bitumen 3040 is used in specialized applications like airport runways and also in very heavy traffic volume roads in coastal cities in the country. The additives changed the viscosity of bitumen to lower values mostly with. D244 test methods and practices for emulsified asphalts.
Asphalt is also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semisolid form of petroleum. D8 terminology relating to materials for roads and pavements. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials1. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials1 this standard is issued under the. It is an empirical test which measures the consistency hardness of an asphalt at a specified test condition. Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Penetration grade bitumen is a standard bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen essential for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties, and its very important once it bounds the aggregates and creates a unique cohesion and stability to the bituminous mix this grade of bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases. Some of these methods, which are used to test the quality of bitumen are very simple and common such as softening point, penetration and viscosity.
Under the action of force, the fluid reflects higher resistance when the viscosity is high. Astm d4 862018 standard test method for bitumen content. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Penetration of bituminous materials 5 results the results are very sensitive to test conditions and bitumen specimen preparation and the requirements of the appropriate standard must be rigidly adhered to. Modulus to the nearest mpa of the untreated bitumen.
The viscosity of a cutback can be measured with either 4. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. Ip bitumen safety code provides good health, safety and environmental pr otection practice, rather than a set of rigid rules, for the whole product life cycle of manufacture, ble nding, storage, distribution, handling, use and sampling. Bitumen is used as a binder in road construction and in protective coatings and adhesives. The advantage of using the viscosity test as compared with the penetration test is that the viscosity test measures a fundamental physical property rather than an empirical value. Bitumen penetration grade 6070 bitumen penetration grade 6070 is a standard penetration grade bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties. Penetration dmm 049 50 149 150 249 250500 maximum difference 2. Bitumen quality and manufacturing processespast and present. Low fluidity or high viscosity does not enable the bitumen to coat the entire surface of aggregate in the mix easily and also resists the compactive effort and resulting mix is heterogeneous in character. Definition softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified conditions of test. It is a kind of bitumen which is produced during the process of oxidation of vacuum bottom the bitumen production feedstock that derives from distillation tower residue in vacuum oil refineries at bitumen production units in a manner that its penetration point kind of test to indicate the hardness of bitumen becomes between 6070. Viscosity denotes the fluid property of bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow. This grade of bitumen is mainly used in the spraying and chip. Ductility test of bitumen 22 jan 2018 1 apr 2018 aim.
One set of standards, in the sans 3001as series, covers routine laboratory tests on asphalt mixtures. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ring andball apparatus1 this standard is issued under the. Determination of viscosity of bitumen emulsions engler method. Penetration test is used to measure the consistency of bitumen, so that they can be classified into standard grades. Higher the viscosity of liquid bitumen, the more nearly it approaches a semisolid state in consistency.
The bitumen is annealed at 120 c for 10 minutes before testing the sample is brought to the test temperature of 5. Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10mm apart and not less than 10mm from the side of the dish. Civil engineering materials 5th edition, neil jackson and ravindrd k. Determination of absolute viscosity test equipment. Exp 8 penetration test of bitumen civil engineers pk. Introduction to viscosity and rheology of bituminous materials the resistance of a liquid in flowing is defined as the viscosity of that fluid. New test standards for the bituminous product industry. Pdf requirements for properties of bituminous binders are determined in. Test procedure for calculating viscosity from penetration txdot designation. The two factors that define the viscosity of bitumen are.
Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ringand. The viscosity test measures binder consistency in high process temperatures. This is the most widely used method of measuring the consistency of a bituminous material at a given temperature. Bitumen is a black or brown mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum. Tests applied on bitumen procedure of tests on asphalt. Lecture 5b grading of bituminous materials quality control. About 50gm of the sample is weighed and heated to a temperature of 1630c for 5 hours in a specified oven designed for this test.
Viscosity of bituminous materials measurements and factors. Bitumen quality and manufacturing processespast and. Until the 20th century, the term asphalt was also use. To determine the ductility of distillation residue of cutback bitumen, blown type bitumen and other bituminous products as per is. Greater value of penetration indicates softer consistency. A steel blaque coated with 0,5 mm bitumen is slowly flexed and released tempeature of the plaque is reduced at 1c per minute until bitumen cracks 25. The trainer must ensure that the learning activities for the trainee include the following. Bitumen performance tests april 2016 nz transport agency. Bitumen content may usually be expeditiously and accurately determined by procedure no. The maximum difference between highest and lowest readings shall be. This is obtained by blowing air into hot bitumen at high temperatures normally beyond 180 0c. Jun 26, 2016 pavement material lab penetration test 4th february 2015 819 penetration test the penetration test is an empirical test used to measure the consistency of asphalt cement.
Usually penetration is measured at 77 f 25 c which also approximates average service temperature of the hma pave ments. Review identified correlations between bitumen and. Viscositytemperature effects of polymer modification as depicted. Note 2the precision statement for ductility, as presented in fig. Exp 11 ductility test on asphalt civil engineers pk. Determining the penetration value of bitumen is widely needed in diverse construction sectors.
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